Mercosur (the Southern Common Market of South American countries) plays an important role in global food security as a major exporter of grains and other food products—and its members face a number of serious challenges. Climate change, market instability, and protectionist policies threaten to disrupt agricultural production and trade. At the same time, these countries facing growing pressure to reduce the environmental impacts of production and better align their activities with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).